The Fourth Noble Truth says:
" There is the road leading to the cessation of suffering "What
The Noble Truth of the Path leading to the cessation of dukkha?
E '
the Noble Eightfold Path, namely:
Right Understanding (samma ditthi)
Right Reasons (samma sankappa)
Right Speech (samma vaca) Right Action
(samma kammanta)
Straight Life (samma ajiva)
Right Effort (samma vayama)
Right Mindfulness (samma sati) Right Concentration
(Samma samadhi)
These eight factors are the essence of the ideal of Buddhist life. I'm a carefully considered program of purification of thought, word and action that results in the final abandonment of greed and the consequent rise of enlightenment, perfect wisdom.
The eight factors are not steps to follow in sequence, one after the other, but represent a synergy of elements comparable to the twisted wires that form a single rope.
E 'is inevitable in the present sequence, while practicing the Eightfold Path should not be confused with the mere theoretical learning of it.
Right Understanding (samma ditthi)
The right understanding with us all the way of the Eightfold Path. Beliefs influence actions, but also the way of perceiving. Correctly understand is much more than just knowledge.
Understanding means that we must let go of our instinctive attachment to ourselves, to things and people, past, present and future, the desire and all our supposed needs.
Understanding it means understanding that suffering is greed, attachment and suffering, the suffering is selfish desire.
The Buddha said: "What is Right Understanding? Understanding of suffering, the understanding of the origin della sofferenza, la comprensione della cessazione della sofferenza, la comprensione della via che conduce alla cessazione della sofferenza".
Comprendere significa dunque abbracciare le quattro Nobili Verità e fare di loro lo strumento del nostro risveglio interiore, che ci consentirà di vedere in modo completamente diverso tutte le cose, e cioè "semplicemente come esse sono", senza il velo delle nostre illusorie percezioni.
Retta Motivazione (samma sankappa)
Questo fattore è anche tradotto con "Retto Pensiero".
Si tratta degli aspetti intenzionali e decisionali della mente, fermo restando che quelli cognitivi appartengono al primo fattore, cioè alla Retta Comprensione.
La diversificazione, come detto, è puramente concettuale, perché non si dà intenzione senza una chiara visione. Tuttavia se la comprensione non è "retta", nessun pensiero decisionale potrà essere efficace.
L'insegnamento buddista precisa che la motivazione è "retta" quando realizza spinte positive consistenti nel non-attaccamento, nell'amorevolezza e alla non violenza.
Analogamente, bramosia, inimicizia e violenza impediranno lo sviluppo del Retto Pensiero.
Chi abbia compreso la giustizia distributiva del KARMA, ovvero l'armoniosa Legge di causa-effetto, perseguirà scopi in accordo con tale Legge, e le sue motivazioni diverranno "rette" proprio perché scaturiranno by a renewed mind, which naturally tend to develop more and more benevolent attitude toward everything and everyone.
Through meditative practices, thus facilitating the acquisition of the right mental attitude that, regardless of our conscious will, will overturn our instinctive greed, transforming it into a peaceful surrender, in non-desire, non-action. At the same time, but our instinctive aversion, or escape from reality, will find an appropriate "antidote" in the attitude of universal benevolence, which will replace the fear of a "move towards" things without any fear.
Right Speech (samma vaca)
Right Action (samma kammanta)
Straight Life (samma ajiva)
unified in a single treatment of the three factors above because they together form the first division of the Eightfold Path, that is moral discipline (Silakkhandha).
In Buddhism there are no real rules, in themselves or which impose obedience. So why do we speak of moral discipline? The intentions are not ethical, but purely spiritual, though indirectly, also produced a remarkable achievement ethic.
Dharma takes up a lot of social welfare and compassion for all living beings, however nell'ottuplice Trail intentions are entirely devoted to individual liberation from dukkha and interior.
The Pali word SILA, translated as "ethics" implies an overlap of meanings: one conducted in accordance with moral principles, the same principles, virtues that flow from the "good life".
Unlike the monotheistic religions, that conceptualizing a paternalistic god are forced to develop ethical obedience, perhaps full of fear, Buddhism aims rather to an idea of \u200b\u200bharmony between all living beings and all things.
So no indication legislation will be seen as rigid, because these are factors that help us to free ourselves from dukkha. That's why we are not interested merely formal compliance or enforcement is too literal: rather we have to dig with these principles in mind to enjoy the pleasant and beneficial contribution.
That said, let's comment on the three stages in the Silakkhandha. Right Speech: both verbal and written communication can have huge consequences. The word can break lives, create enemies, but also instill wisdom and build peace
The Buddha sets out four types of right speech: abstaining from false speech, of words that slander, from harsh speech and idle word. With
right action means, in general, appropriate use of ourselves and of our bodies. Obviously the main issue concerns not the right action to harm others, but do not take what is not given. Note that there is limited abstention from theft, but also a possession too eager. In the right action should also be considered a healthy attitude towards sexuality, respectful of the needs, roles and commitments of each.
With Straight Life means finally earn a livelihood properly. This factor is also called "Righteous Means." Among the means of subsistence harmful to themselves and others, the Buddha lists at least five: the arms trade, human beings (of course there was slavery at the time of the Buddha), meat, poisons and any substance hazardous to health .
In general, any means of subsistence that may involve damage or suffering in others must be avoided. This is the proper Buddhist attitude, regardless of mere compliance with formal rules.
Right Effort (samma vayama)
The purification of the pipeline through the three previous factors prepares the second partition of the path, that of concentration (Samadhikkhanda).
Through the ethical mindset of Silakkhandha (Word - Action - Means of life) so we get proper education of mind, consists of: right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.
The ultimate goal of the eightfold path is to produce a state of insight (wisdom) to be the main instrument of liberation from Dukkha.
This does not mean that those who practice the eightfold path can prove were in pain, both physical and moral, but certainly the attitude with which they can address all the things will always be immune to illusions, anxieties, fears and concerns, to provided that you successfully achieve the true vision of wisdom.
Coming Samadhikkhanda (or effort - Awareness - Concentration) a very simple example illustrates the interaction of these three factors, and how they contribute together to realize the merger.
Three children playing in the garden, and decide to pick the flowers of a tree, but it is too high. Then, the first child back to the fold the second climb, but in such a precarious position staggers, and then offers him the third child support as his shoulder. Finally, thanks to the efforts of the first child and the support of the third, the second child can reach the flowers.
The child, raised, comes to the flowers is the concentration, whose function is to unify the mind. To do so, it needs the energies of the right effort (symbolized by the child who stands on his back) but also by the attention given by such awareness, symbolized by the third child.
The term "effort" should not lead us to think that it must be a mental fatigue, in reality it is pour the nostra energia che richiede indubbiamente costanza e applicazione, tuttavia senza eccedere. Si può pensare ad uno "sforzo senza sforzo". O anche, con le dovute distinzioni, alla "forza della non-azione".
Resta il fatto che ognuno è direttamente responsabile della propria liberazione. Che il Buddismo produca personalità passive come vorrebbero alcuni pregiudizi è totalmente inesatto, al contrario il cammino buddista non aspetta miracoli dal Cielo, ma punta sull'educazione della mente, chiave di volta dell'intero Sentiero.
L'inizio del cammino dell'ottuplice Sentiero è infatti una mente inquinata, contaminata e confusa; la realizzazione è la mente liberata, purificata e illuminata dalla saggezza.
This state, as well as a correct vision, creates a particularly favorable to change their karma, can easily get the benefits of any kind that everyone simply walked on this path experience many times, through the realization of the objectives, significance synchronicity of time, the elevation of their vital status.
techniques of meditation and recitation of mantras are the "mental gym" that facilitates the achievement of these results and is a great way to properly implement the right effort.
Right Mindfulness (samma sati)
The Buddha says that the Dhamma (Dharma in Sanskrit), la vera natura delle cose, è direttamente conoscibile, senza tempo, e chiede di essere toccato e visto, sebbene tale esperienza sia inesprimibile.
La verità ultima è dunque dentro di noi, ma affinché divenga liberante, deve essere vissuta. Non serve accettarla per fede, in virtù dell'autorità dei testi o del maestro, né comprenderla intellettualmente.
La si deve conoscere personalmente attraverso la visione profonda, la si deve interiorizzare e fare propria, perché è un conoscere ma allo stesso tempo un immediato vedere.
La parola in lingua pali SATI viene tradotta con "consapevolezza", tuttavia un significato più completo è "facoltà mentale che consente una visione profonda e panoramica, centrata sul presente, emotivamente neutra e distaccata".
La retta Consapevolezza non è dunque il semplice "stato cosciente" bensì è una coscienza portata ad un'intensità particolare in cui la mente è mantenuta in uno stato di nuda attenzione, ovvero osservazione distaccata di quanto sta accadendo dentro di noi e attorno a noi "qui ed ora".
Consapevolezza "senza scelta e senza giudizi", che osserva senza selezionare e senza afferrare, e che non cede nella rete dei pensieri discriminanti.
nella pratica della retta Consapevolezza, la mente viene educata a rimnanere nel momento presente, aperta, calma e sollecita, tutta intesa all'esperienza dell'evento current.
Opinions and interpretations shall be suspended or, if they occur, are recorded and immediately abandoned.
The goal is pure observation of everything that is produced when it is produced, riding the pressure of world events as a skilled surfer rides the waves of the ocean.
why many teachers, especially in Zen, instruct their disciples with seemingly enigmatic statements like: "when you eat, eat, and when you walk, walk ..."
The conscious mind does not oscillates between past and future, but remains anchored in the present. That mental strength can be effectively used is so directed on the object (goal) to produce the insight of wisdom.
right mindfulness is also cultivated through a practice taught by Buddha himself, called the four foundations of mindfulness, "which consists in the contemplation of the conscious perception of the four spheres: the body, feelings, mental states and phenomena.
Right Concentration (samma samadhi)
the state of samadhi (concentration translated) is the result of constant meditation.
It is characterized by an attitude of mind "unifying" or who directs the mental energies in a clear direction, without loss or confusion.
SAMADHI is not feasible in the presence of content destructive, such as aggression.
The concentrated mind has two characteristics: the unwavering attention to an object and the resulting calm mental functions. Qualities that distinguish it clearly from the mind is not concentrated, which produces mental fatigue in the case of attention, which will be inevitably uneven and ineffective.
Wisdom or Enlightenment
Although the right concentration occupies the last place among the factors of the Noble Eightfold Path, not the culmination of the journey. The merger makes the mind steady and firm, it unifies the components, opens the landscapes of bliss, strength and serenity. But alone is not sufficient to reach the highest end: the liberation from the shackles of dukkha through the wisdom, or finally enlightened mind.
To put an end to dukkha should be made an instrument of the Eightfold Path of spiritual elevation and use it to develop the insight that can reveal the ultimate truth of things, as mentioned above, can be realized only through personal experience, to the details that are specific to each.